Khoom npe
Txuas Ribbed Steel rau tunnels (qhov sib hloov pob rebbed rebar / qhov chaw hauv qabchaw ntxiv)
1. Cov ntsiab lus
Txhawb txoj hlua hlau rau cov tunnelsHais txog deformed (ribbed) kev txhawb nqa cov tuav thiab prefabricated rearfact lub tswv yim thiab tsim nyog rau qhov kev siv thiab qhov chaw hauv ob sab. Cov hlau no tau ua kom zoo rauHigh Bond Nrog Ua Vaj Tse / Shotcrete, kev sib luag siab thiab tawv tawv, thiabntev -} lo lus ruaj khov nyob rau hauv kev txhoj puab heev suburface ib puag ncig(av hauv av, chlorides, sulfates). Cov kev siv ntau yam suav nrog kev txhawb nqa theem pib / segmentetal, inveruter, invertal thiab kho phab ntsa thiab kho / retrofit ua haujlwm.
2. Cov kev ua tau tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau (qhov chaw nyob)
Qhov lub qhov cuab lub zog yuav tsum ua tiav kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuab thiab cov khoom siv durabilies uas txawv ntawm cov tsev rebar:
High Bond Lub ZogNrog cam khwb cia - in {{1 tso rau hauv cov pob zeb thiab txau-
Ductility & lub zog nqus{{0- kom haum raws cov pob zeb txav, kev daws teeb meem thiab dynamic loading.
Qeeb zog tsis kam-}} rau kev tsheb ciav hlau / cov tsheb khiav mus rau cov khoom siv nrawm dua.
Corrosion Kuj-}}}} - icing cov ntsev lossis cov tshuaj pleev xim, ntau dua, cov kev xaiv ntau dua).
Cov Khoom Zoo Li Qub & Metallurgical Zoo- Yuav kom ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo prefabricated tawb, ib ncig thiab tshuab erection.
3. Cov ntaub ntawv raug & qib
Carbon / microalloyed steels:HRB400 / HRB500 (GB), B500B / C (ETTM A615 Qib 60}} Thermomeanically Kho (TMT- rolled rau tej yam khoom.
Siab - ductility / seismic variants:HRB500E, FE500D (lossis B500C) qhov twg txhim kho elongation thiab lub zog tsis sib xws.
Corrosion -} Cov kev xaiv resistant:Kub - dip galvanized (Z120-Z275), Fusion epoxy (galfan txhuas (304/316 lossis Duplex) rau cov pej xeem loj.
Cov Khoom Tshwj Xeeb:Threaded couplers, hooked / anchorage xaus, Welded / Neeg Kho Tshuab Splices rau kev sib txuas.
4. Cov qauv khoom lag luam & prefabs
Ncaj ncaj & coils{{0 {}} Txheem muab rau onsite txiav / khoov.
Prefabricated tawb / Rings{{0- Hoobkas {{} welded rings rau segmental linings thiab tbm kev ua haujlwm.
Welded Hlau Mesh (WEM) / Welded Npuag-} rau lub ntsej muag lub zog thiab ob sab phlu ib ntus.
Pob Zeb - ntsia liaj qhov rooj{{0- ribbed tuav nrog xov xaus rau kho tshuab anchorage.
Sib phim, suav cov khoom siv-} rau kev sib dhos ceev ntawm -}}}} site site (daim ntawv lo).
5. Cov Kev Xaiv Ib Leeg thiab Kev Xaiv
Diameters:6 hli → 40 mm (feem ntau yog 10/12 / 16/3 / 25/25/25/25/25/25/25 / 25/1 hli).
Ntev:Txheem 6 M / 12 m; coils rau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 12 hli; Txiav - rau - ntev thiab pre {{6} bent rings ib daim duab.
Nto tas:Raws li -} rab tav, galvanized, epoxy - coated, lossis stainless.
Kev thev:Txoj kab uas hla ± 0.5%, ncaj thiab ntev rau ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
6. Neeg kho tshuab & cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (kev taw qhia)
Yield zog (FY):Feem ntau 400-600 mpa nyob ntawm qib.
Tensile lub zog (fu):sib raug ntau dua (piv txwv li, 540-800 mpa rau qib siab).
Elongation:Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 10-18% nyob ntawm qib / qauv; Pom zoo dua rau kev ua kom ntau dua rau cov tunnels.
Daim Ntawv Cog Lus / Rub - tawm:Deformed tus qauv thiab txaus rib Qhov siab kom tau raws li rub tawm - tawm hauv lub zog ntawm pob txha caj ces lossis pov cov pob zeb.
Qaug zog & cuam tshuam:Ntsuam xyuas qhov twg dynamic loads muaj nyob (cov ciav hlau, tsheb hnyav).
Cov txheej nplaum nplaum & kev txuas ntxiv:Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas rebars yog khoov, welded lossis pre {{0} {0} {} pricated.
7. Cov Kev Siv Hauv Qhov Chaw Ua Haujlwm
Kev them nyiaj yug me nyuam:Lattlers Girders, Ribs, Tsuag Qhob (SHOTCLETE) txhawb.
Thib ob hauv ob sab phlunrum - hauv -} pos qhov chaw ua vaj tse zaum kawg. LAP / Splice cov ntsiab lus.
Segmental linings:Kev txhawb rau precast ntu sib koom ua ke thiab couplers.
Invert Slabs & Puag Slabs:Tsaws lub zog thiab thauj khoom siv cov khoom.
Portal cov qauv, khaws cia phab ntsa & txiav -} {{1/2 npog ntu.
Kho & Retofit:Cov pa roj carbon {{0- steel lossis stainless cov ceg ntoo rau patching corroded linings.
8. Fabrication & Teeb Meem Pom Zoo
Kev Ua Lus Qhia:Qhov twg ua tau siv Hoobkas -}}}}}}}}}}} thiab mats ua kom zoo thiab txo qis kev ua haujlwm. Cov naj npawb seem rau cov chaw ua haujlwm sai.
Ntaus pob:Siv Ribbed geometries thiab hlau ntxig uas txhawb cov ke tshuab cov key nrog txau ua pob zeb ua; Zam kev ua tiav kom du rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj.
Cov ntaub ntawv & Couplers:Xav paub cov neeg kho tshuab nyiaj (threaded / parallel - xov rau hauv qhov pinnel tseem ceeb hauv lub qhov ntev thiab congestion. Siv welded slices tsuas yog kev pom zoo thiab tsim nyog.
Dabtsi yog khoov thiab thawj zaug:Ua khoov khoov raws li cov lej radii thiab cov khoom siv cov kev taw qhia. Rau coated tuav, siv ob {{- theem sib sau lossis cov radii loj dua kom txo qis txheej.
Corrosion tiv thaiv ntawm txiav -} sawv:Qhia kom meej kov -}}}- Cov epre nplua nuj los them rau cov npoo txiav txiav.
Npog & qhov chaw:Xyuas kom meej pob / sharcridiroid sib koom haum (feem ntau cov npog loj hauv cov kab txuas rau hauv av) thiab siv cov ntaub npog tsis txaus ntseeg
9. Corrosion Kev Pab Nkuaj Siab (cov qhov- Tshwj xeeb)
Cov Khoom Xaiv:Stainless lossis Duplex rau cov chaw muaj huab cua heev (dej hiav txwv intrusion, sulfates).
Txheej txheem:Epoxy los yog kub - dip galvanizing rau chloride {{}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} heev}}} heev}} heev}}} heev}} heev}}} tshaj plaws} Epoxy yog rhiab rau kev puas tsuaj- phiaj xwm kev tiv thaiv ntawm bends.
QHOB Tsim:Tsawg -}}}}}}}}}}}} kev sib xyaw ua kom nruj thiab xeb kom haum.
Cathodic Kev Tiv Thaiv & Kua Muag:consider active measures in long-term immersed/groundwater-exposed tunnels.
Kev Nkag Saib Xyuas:Txhim kho corrosion saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus uas ntev - sij hawm tu tau xav tau.
10. Tswjhwm & tshuaj ntsuam xyuas
Mill xeem Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj (MTC):Tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv neeg kho tshuab, kub / chev traceability.
Kev ntsuam xyuas txhua yam:Tensile, tawm los, elongation, khoov thiab rov tsim dua rau ib tus qauv hais.
Kev kuaj kab mob / rub {- tawm cov xeem:Tshwj xeeb rau kev ua kom haum.
Txheej Kev Xeem:DFT, cov nplaum, nrhiav kom tab tom khoov / cuam tshuam rau txheej tuav coated.
Qaug zog / Cuam Tshuam Kuaj:Txog kev tsheb nqaj hlau tunnels lossis qhov chaw nrog kev thauj khoom zoo.
Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas Sab Nrau:Tav geometry, txoj kab uas hla, ntev, ncaj thiab prefabricated tawb tances.
Thib peb - Cov Timkhawv tog:Pom zoo rau cov phiaj xwm loj dua.
11. Cov Qauv & Codes (piv txwv)
(Xaiv thiab xeev cov qauv yuav tsum muaj hauv daim ntawv cog lus)
GB / T 1499 / GB 50010(Suav teb) {{- hrb series thiab seismic e - qib variants.
EN 10080 / BS EN 1992(Europe) - b500b / b500c rebar rau pob zeb.
ASTM A615 / A706 / A775(Tebchaws Asmeskas) {- deformed tuav, VIB VIB thiab Epoxy- coated xaiv.
Yog 1786(Is Nrias teb) -} Fe500D / Fe550d Siab - ductility rebars.
Project -} Tshwj xeeb qhov cim(piv txwv li, cov cai Eurocode rau cov tho, chaw haujlwm tsim tshwj xeeb).
12. Ntim, Npav & Tus Me Nyuam
Bundles:strapped bundles nrog cov ntoo spacers; Nyhav rau ib pawg raws li kev tuav cov txwv.
Prefabs:Cov nplhaib / tawb nqa khoom ntawm pallets lossis cradles, tus kheej tagged nrog ib feem ntawm ib feem thiab kos duab ref.
Kev Tiv Thaiv:VCI zaj duab xis lossis Waterproof Wrapping rau cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev xa khoom xa tawm.
Labelling:Txhua kab ntawv / prefab cim nrog qib, txoj kab uas hla, ntev, cov naj npawb kub, thiab batch ID.
Nyem:Npaj rau ntev - logistics, pre -} {{{2} {} chaw cranage.
13. Ordering cov ntawv txheeb - Yuav ua li cas muab cov khoom xa khoom
Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov lus hais meej thiab lub sijhawm muab:
Cov Qauv Txheej Txheemthiab qib yuav tsum tau kawm (piv txwv li, hrb500e / b500c / Astm A706 qib 606).
Bar ntau thiab tsawg rau(diameters, ntev, coils).
Cov Duab Kos Duab(tawb, ib ncig, welded mesh) nrog qhov ntev thiab cov lej lej.
Txheej Yuav Tsum(Tsis muaj / HDG / Epoxy / Galfan / Stainless / Stainless -}} txog cov lus qhia.
Splice system(Lap ntev lossis cov neeg kho tshuab sib txuas {{}}}} Hais Lus Hom).
Daim Ntawv Cog Lus / Rub -} tawm cov phiaj phiajrau lub ntsej muag uas cuam tshuam.
Kev Xa Tawm Cov Sijhawm & Logistics Constraintions(Rau {-}} chav tsev tuav kev txwv, ntu rau TBM).
Soj ntsuam & Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj(MTC, thib peb {- tim khawv pom, kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv).
TSHWJ XEEB NTIM LOSSIS NCOyuav tsum muaj rau thaj chaw muaj kev ntxhov siab.
14. Tus nqi {{-} Cov kev pab cuam ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv xa khoom
HOOB HOOBKAS PREFABRICATED CAGE, Rings thiab Welded Hlau Mesh -}- nruab rau.
On -} chaw lossis lub Hoobkas khoov thiab sib sau ua cov duab nyuaj.
Neeg kho tshuab Coupler kev pabcuam thiab ua ntej - sib dhos.
Daim ntawv thov txheej thiab tshaj tawm {- Fabrication ntug kev kho (Zinc} Tam Sim No Primader / Epoxy kov-}.
Qauv rub -} out / SHOTCRETE TSIAJ - mus kuaj ua ntej loj muab khoom ua ntej loj.
Thib peb - kev sim tog, tshuaj xyuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv pob rau EPC thiab cov kev ua haujlwm rau pej xeem.
15. Cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm raug & kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws
RauSHOTRETRETRABTH NPLOOJ TXHAWB, use a combination of wire mesh + ribbed bars (or fiber-reinforced shotcrete) to limit rebound and ensure coverage.
Kev sivneeg kho tshuab CouplingNtawm congested nodes kom txo txoj kab ntawm caj pas txhaws thiab txhim kho kev tsim muaj zog.
Rau kev tiv thaiv hauvtxhoj puab heev hauv av, Qhia meej ob qho tib si ntawm stainless los yog galvanized + epoxy tiv thaiv thiab nce npog tuab ib GeoteCnical.
Cojsim mock -}(ShotCrice adhesion kev ntsuam xyuas, tawb haum) ua ntej ntau lawm rau de - kev pheej hmoo tbm thiab cov pa pheej hmoo sib cuam tshuam.
Ua kom tau tiag tiagtracelourility(Cov lej cua sov ntawm cov prefabs) rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas yav tom ntej.
16. Ntsiab lus
Txhawb txoj hlua hlau rau cov tunnelsPuas yog lub hom phiaj {{0} tswj qhov kev daws teeb meem ua ke ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ua tiav zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion corrosion. Kev ntsuas cov qauv tsim nyog (qib, txheej, ua kom zoo thiab kev sim ua ntej txhim kho ceev, ntev}}} qhov chaw ruaj khov thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub qhov chaw.
Yog tias koj xav tau, Kuv tuaj yeem tam sim ntawd:
tsim aib - Nplooj ntawv teDasheet(PDF {- style) rau xaiv cov khoom xaiv ntawm bar thiab pleev xim rau cov tunnels; lossis
tsim aPrefab tawb / ntiv nplhaib RFQ(suav nrog kev kos duab thiab cov ntawv txheeb xyuas tshuaj xyuas) npaj xa mus rau cov neeg xa khoom.
Qhia rau kuv uas (Datasheet lossis RFQ) thiab muab cov khoom tseem ceeb / cov qib lossis ib qho qauv ua qauv thiab kuv yuav tsim nws tam sim no.
Cim npe nrov: Txhawb txoj hlua hlau rau cov tunnels, Tuam Tshoj cuam tshuam kim heev steel rau tunnels cov chaw tsim khoom, cov chaw muag khoom, Hoobkas
